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An epidural blood patch (EBP) is a surgical procedure that uses autologous blood, meaning the patient's own blood, in order to close one or many holes in the dura mater of the spinal cord, which occurred as a complication of a lumbar puncture or epidural placement. [1] [2] The punctured dura causes cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF leak). [1]
Illustration depicting lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Spinal needles used in lumbar puncture Illustration depicting common positions for lumbar puncture procedure. The person is usually placed on their side (left more commonly than right). The patient bends the neck so the chin is close to the chest, hunches the back, and brings knees toward the ...
A lumbar puncture can give the symptom of a post-dural-puncture headache. A cerebrospinal fluid leak can be either cranial or spinal, and these are two different disorders. [5] A spinal CSF leak can be caused by one or more meningeal diverticula or CSF-venous fistulas not associated with an epidural leak.
In the lumbar spine it is commonly used to treat spinal claudication caused by spinal stenosis, and is considered the most effective treatment for this condition based on current evidence. [3] In the cervical and thoracic spine it is used to treat myelopathy caused by compression of the spinal cord itself.
The CSF tap test, sometimes lumbar tap test or Miller Fisher Test, is a medical test that is used to decide whether shunting of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) would be helpful in a patient with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).
Ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture is a medical procedure used in some emergency departments to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes. In contrast to standard lumbar puncture by palpation , the use of ultrasound imaging may reduce the number of failed punctures, needle insertions, and needle redirections. [ 1 ]
Post-dural-puncture headache (PDPH) is a complication of puncture of the dura mater (one of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord). [3] The headache is severe and described as "searing and spreading like hot metal", involving the back and front of the head and spreading to the neck and shoulders, sometimes involving neck stiffness.
The problem with the multifidus muscles continues even after the pain goes away, and is probably an important reason why the pain comes back. [38] Teaching people with chronic low back pain how to use these muscles is recommended as part of a recovery program. [38] An intervertebral disc has a gelatinous core surrounded by a fibrous ring. [39]