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The automobile self starter was an early engine system to use this. Lighting, which had previously been provided by kerosene lamps or gas lamps, was one of the first common electrical accessories. Early systems used 6 volts, but 12 volts became the standard because it provided greater power with less current.
The use of high-technology (such as electronic engine control units) in advanced designs resulting from substantial investments in development research by European countries and Japan seemed to give an advantage to them over Chinese automakers and parts suppliers who, as of 2013, had low development budgets and lacked capacity to produce parts for high-tech engine and power train designs.
The 1970s saw the nationalization of many companies. In 1972, the Pakistan Automobile Corporation (PACO) was formed. Many companies were bought out or merged into others. Wazir Ali Engineering was renamed Sindh Engineering, [3] Ali Autos became Awami Autos, Haroon Industries to Republic Motors, Ghandara Motors to National Motors, Hye Sons to Mack Trucks, Kandawala Industries to Naya Daur ...
Some engines have used a V-angle of 180 degrees (the same angle as a flat engine), such as several Ferrari V12 engines. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] At the other end of the scale, the 1922-1976 Lancia V4 engine and the 1991–present Volkswagen VR6 engine use V-angles as small as 10 degrees, along with a single cylinder head used by both banks of cylinders.
The Modular Engine Management System, or MEMS, is an electronic control system used on engines in passenger cars built by Rover Group in the 1990s. As its name implies, it was adaptable for a variety of engine management demands, including electronically controlled carburetion as well as single- and multi-point fuel injection (both with and without electronic ignition control).
The board also owns a stadium in Latifabad used for league, inter-club and -city hockey tournaments. But sporting events The District Hockey Association (DHA) for the Hyderabad District, Pakistan had allocated a budget of 1.6 million rupees for renovations for the betterment of hockey arenas but were reluctant to give the board their share.
Adamjee Group (Urdu pronunciation: [ˈaː.dəm.dʒiː] AH-dum-jee) is a group of companies headquartered in Karachi, Pakistan. The group was previously headed by Sir Adamjee Haji Dawood . As of 2007, it is unofficially estimated that the owners of Adamjee Group are among the top 40 wealthiest families in Pakistan.
Board Established City Website Refs Catholic Board of Education, Pakistan: 1961 Karachi [47] Lahore [48] [49] Diocesan board of education, Pakistan 1960 Islamabad, Rawalpindi [50] [51] Presbyterian Education Board Pakistan Lahore, Punjab