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The traditional Mongolian alphabet is not a perfect fit for the Mongolian language, and it would be impractical to extend it to a language with a very different phonology like Chinese. Therefore, during the Yuan dynasty (c. 1269), Kublai Khan asked a Tibetan monk, Drogön Chögyal Phagpa, to design a new script for use by the whole empire.
In the Mongolian People's Republic, it was largely replaced by the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet, although the vertical script remained in limited use. In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to increase the use of the traditional Mongolian script and to use both Cyrillic and Mongolian script in official documents by 2025.
In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to use both Cyrillic and the traditional Mongolian script in official documents by 2025. [5] [6] [7] In China, the Cyrillic alphabet is also used by Chinese for learning the modern Mongolian language, as well as by some Mongols in Inner Mongolia to demonstrate their ethnic identity. [8] [9]
[10]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ө. [11] [4] Indistinguishable from ü, except where ö can be inferred from its context: ö is found in medial or final syllables if it's also found syllable-initially. [2]: 11, 20 [7]: 9–10 ᠥ᠋ = an alternative final form; also used in loanwords. [12]: 39
This script then became the established writing system used for all Mongolian literature until the 1930s when the Mongolian Latin alphabet was introduced, which then in 1941 was replaced by the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet. [2] Classical Mongolian was formerly used in Mongolia, China, and Russia. It is a standardized written language used in the ...
There are two types of written Mongolian used in China: the traditional Mongolian script, which is official among Mongols nationwide, and the Clear Script, used predominantly among Oirats in Xinjiang. [135] In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to use both Cyrillic and the traditional Mongolian script in official documents by ...
1 Mongolian language. 2 Clear Script. 3 Xibe language. 4 Manchu language. 5 Notes. 6 References. ... [11]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ...
In the Mongolian version of the Latin alphabet, there were additional letters ɵ (Cyrillic: ө), ç (ч), ş (ш) and ƶ (ж); Y corresponded to the Cyrillic ү. K transliterated the sound that would later come to be represented in Cyrillic by х in native Mongolian words.