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  2. Reverse transcriptase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_transcriptase

    A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to convert RNA genome to DNA, a process termed reverse transcription.Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV, COVID-19, and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile genetic elements to proliferate within the host genome, and by eukaryotic cells to extend the telomeres at the ends of their linear chromosomes.

  3. Retroposon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroposon

    Retroposition accounts for approximately 10,000 gene-duplication events in the human genome, of which approximately 2-10% are likely to be functional. [5] Such genes are called retrogenes and represent a certain type of retroposon.

  4. Human microbiome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_microbiome

    Graphic depicting the human skin microbiota, with relative prevalences of various classes of bacteria. The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, [1] [2] including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung ...

  5. Multicopy single-stranded DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicopy_single-stranded_DNA

    Since nearly all RT genes function in retrovirus replication and/or the movement of transposable elements, it is reasonable to imagine that retrons might be mobile genetic elements, but there has been little supporting evidence for such a hypothesis, save for the observed fact that msDNA is widely yet sporadically dispersed among bacterial ...

  6. List of human microbiota - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_microbiota

    The temperature and pH of saliva makes it conducive for bacteria to survive in the oral cavity. Bacteria in the oral cavity include Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Staphylococcus. [15] S. mutans is the main component of the oral microbiota. [15] A healthy oral microbiome decreases oral infections and promotes a healthy gut ...

  7. List of RNAs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_RNAs

    Bacteria and archaea [13] Long noncoding RNA: lncRNA: Regulation of gene transcription, epigenetic regulation: Eukaryotes: MicroRNA: miRNA: Gene regulation: Most eukaryotes [14] Piwi-interacting RNA: piRNA: Transposon defense, maybe other functions: Most animals [15] [16] Small interfering RNA: siRNA: Gene regulation: Most eukaryotes [17] Short ...

  8. Human pathogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_pathogen

    A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis ) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's normal microbiota .

  9. Pathogenic bacteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria

    Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. [1] This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and many are beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred. [2]