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Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) typically occurs in persons with preexisting kidney failure. [3]: 119 Weeks to months after allopurinol is begun, the patient develops a morbilliform eruption [3]: 119 or, less commonly, develops one of the far more serious and potentially lethal severe cutaneous adverse reactions viz., the DRESS syndrome, Stevens Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal ...
Allopurinol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1966. [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [10] Allopurinol is available as a generic medication. [7] In 2022, it was the 39th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15 million prescriptions. [11] [12]
The UpToDate system is an evidence-based clinical resource. It includes a collection of medical and patient information, access to Lexicomp drug monographs and drug-to-drug interactions, and a number of medical calculators. UpToDate is written by over 7,100 physician authors, editors, and peer reviewers. It is available both via the Internet ...
A xanthine oxidase inhibitor is any substance that inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism.In humans, inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces the production of uric acid, and several medications that inhibit xanthine oxidase are indicated for treatment of hyperuricemia and related medical conditions including gout. [1]
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Lesinurad/allopurinol (trade name Duzallo) is a fixed-dose combination drug for the treatment of gout. [1] It contains 200 mg of lesinurad and 300 mg of allopurinol.In August 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration approved it for the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with gout in patients for whom target serum uric acid levels have not been achieved with allopurinol alone. [2]
The lifetime risk is about 10-15% in the developed world, but can be as high as 20-25% in the Middle East. The increased risk of dehydration in hot climates, coupled with a diet 50% lower in calcium and 250% higher in oxalates compared to Western diets, accounts for the higher net risk in the Middle East. [ 120 ]
Oxipurinol (INN, or oxypurinol USAN) is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. [1] It is an active metabolite of allopurinol and it is cleared renally. [2] In cases of renal disease, this metabolite will accumulate to toxic levels.