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More generally, the solution set to an arbitrary collection E of relations (E i) (i varying in some index set I) for a collection of unknowns (), supposed to take values in respective spaces (), is the set S of all solutions to the relations E, where a solution () is a family of values (()) such that substituting () by () in the collection E makes all relations "true".
Fatou's lemma: If {f k} k ∈ N is a sequence of non-negative measurable functions, then . Again, the value of any of the integrals may be infinite. Dominated convergence theorem : Suppose { f k } k ∈ N is a sequence of complex measurable functions with pointwise limit f , and there is a Lebesgue integrable function g (i.e., g belongs to the ...
In number theory, the local zeta function Z(V, s) (sometimes called the congruent zeta function or the Hasse–Weil zeta function) is defined as (,) = (= ())where V is a non-singular n-dimensional projective algebraic variety over the field F q with q elements and N k is the number of points of V defined over the finite field extension F q k of F q.
For 0 < q < 1, the series converges to a function F(x) on an interval (0,A] if |f(x)x α | is bounded on the interval (0, A] for some 0 ≤ α < 1. The q-integral is a Riemann–Stieltjes integral with respect to a step function having infinitely many points of increase at the points q j..The jump at the point q j is q j.
The set of all points of discontinuity of a function may be a discrete set, a dense set, or even the entire domain of the function. dot product In mathematics , the dot product or scalar product [ note 1 ] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors ) and returns a single number.
A binary equaliser (that is, an equaliser of just two functions) is also called a difference kernel.This may also be denoted DiffKer(f, g), Ker(f, g), or Ker(f − g).The last notation shows where this terminology comes from, and why it is most common in the context of abstract algebra: The difference kernel of f and g is simply the kernel of the difference f − g.
In mathematics, a relation denotes some kind of relationship between two objects in a set, which may or may not hold. [1] As an example, " is less than " is a relation on the set of natural numbers ; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3 ), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4 ), but not between the ...
In the k-calculus methodology, distances are measured using radar.An observer sends a radar pulse towards a target and receives an echo from it. The radar pulse (which travels at , the speed of light) travels a total distance, there and back, that is twice the distance to the target, and takes time , where and are times recorded by the observer's clock at transmission and reception of the ...