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  2. Ruthwell Cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthwell_Cross

    The Ruthwell Cross is a stone Anglo-Saxon cross probably dating from the 8th century, [1] when the village of Ruthwell, now in Scotland, was part of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria. It is the most famous and elaborate Anglo-Saxon monumental sculpture, [ 2 ] and possibly contains the oldest surviving text, predating any manuscripts ...

  3. Christ treading on the beasts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_treading_on_the_beasts

    The iconography derives from Biblical texts, in particular Psalm 91 (90):13: [3] "super aspidem et basiliscum calcabis conculcabis leonem et draconem" in the Latin Vulgate, literally "The asp and the basilisk you will trample under foot/you will tread on the lion and the dragon", translated in the King James Version as: Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon ...

  4. Preaching cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preaching_cross

    The Ruthwell Cross. A preaching cross is a Christian cross sometimes surmounting a pulpit, which is erected outdoors to designate a preaching place. In Great Britain and Ireland, many free-standing upright crosses – or high crosses – were erected. Some of these crosses bear figurative or decorative carvings, or inscriptions in runes.

  5. Runic inscriptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_inscriptions

    The Ruthwell Cross inscription could also be mentioned, but its authenticity is dubious; it might have been added only in the 10th century. Unlike the situation on the continent, the tradition of runic writing does not disappear in England after Christianization but continues for a full three centuries, disappearing after the Norman conquest.

  6. Bewcastle Cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewcastle_Cross

    The head of the cross is missing but the remains are 14.5 feet (4.4 metres) high, and almost square in section 22 by 21 + 1 ⁄ 4 inches (56 cm × 54 cm) at the base. The crosses of Bewcastle and Ruthwell have been described by the scholar Nikolaus Pevsner as "the greatest achievement of their date in the whole of Europe". [1]

  7. File:Ruthwell Cross, between 1823 and 1887.jpg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ruthwell_Cross...

    Captioned as "Fig. 1. The Ruthwell Cross, between 1823 and 1887." Date: published 1912: Source: Cook, Albert S. 1912. The Date of the Ruthwell and Bewcastle Crosses. Yale University Press. Author: Albert S. Cook (1853–1927) Permission (Reusing this file) Author died more than 70 years ago - public domain

  8. New International Version - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_International_Version

    The New International Version (NIV) is a translation of the Bible into contemporary English. Published by Biblica, the complete NIV was released on October 27, 1978 [6] with a minor revision in 1984 and a major revision in 2011. The NIV relies on recently-published critical editions of the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts. [1] [2]

  9. Insular art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_art

    The Cross of Cong is a 12th-century Irish processional cross and reliquary that shows Insular decoration, possibly added in a deliberately revivalist spirit. [ 36 ] The fittings of a major abbey church in the Insular period remain hard to imagine; one thing that does seem clear is that the most fully decorated manuscripts were treated as ...