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Sodium thiosulfate (sodium thiosulphate) is an inorganic compound with the formula Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·(H 2 O) x. Typically it is available as the white or colorless pentahydrate (x = 5), which is a white solid that dissolves well in water. The compound is a reducing agent and a ligand, and these properties underpin its applications. [2]
Fixation by thiosulfate involves these chemical reactions (X = halide, typically Br −): [2] AgX + 2 S 2 O 3 2− → [Ag(S 2 O 3) 2] 3− + X − AgX + 3 S 2 O 3 2− → [Ag(S 2 O 3) 3] 5− + X −. In addition to thiosulphate the fixer typically contains mildly acidic compounds to adjust the pH and suppress trace amounts of the developer.
Anhydrous lithium hypochlorite is stable at room temperature; however, sodium hypochlorite is explosive as an anhydrous solid. [6] The pentahydrate (NaOCl·(H 2 O) 5) is unstable above 0 °C; [7] although the more dilute solutions encountered as household bleach are more stable. Potassium hypochlorite (KOCl) is known only in solution.
Thiosulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; sometimes thiosulphate in British English) is an oxyanion of sulfur with the chemical formula S 2 O 2− 3.Thiosulfate also refers to the compounds containing this anion, which are the salts of thiosulfuric acid, such as sodium thiosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 3 and ammonium thiosulfate (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 3.
Thus, solutions of sodium dithionite cannot be stored for a long period of time. [3] Anhydrous sodium dithionite decomposes to sodium sulfate and sulfur dioxide above 90 °C in the air. In absence of air, it decomposes quickly above 150 °C to sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sulfur dioxide and trace amount of sulfur.
The anhydrous compound can be prepared by fusing silicon dioxide SiO 2 (silica, quartz) with sodium oxide Na 2 O in 1:1 molar ratio. [2] The compound crystallizes from solution as various hydrates, such as pentahydrate Na 2 SiO 3 ·5 H 2 O (CAS 10213-79-3, EC 229-912-9, PubChem 57652358) nonahydrate Na 2 SiO 3 ·9 H 2 O (CAS 13517-24-3, EC 229 ...
Sodium hypochlorite is an alkaline inorganic chemical compound with the formula Na O Cl (also written as NaClO). It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous solution as bleach or chlorine bleach. [4] It is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, consisting of sodium cations (Na +) and hypochlorite anions (− OCl, also written as OCl − and ClO −).
Sodium aluminate – NaAlO 2; Sodium arsenate – H 24 Na 3 AsO 16; Sodium azide – NaN 3; Sodium bicarbonate – NaHCO 3; Sodium biselenide – NaSeH; Sodium bisulfate – NaHSO 4; Sodium bisulfite – NaHSO 3; Sodium borate – Na 2 B 4 O 7; Sodium borohydride – NaBH 4; Sodium bromate – NaBrO 3; Sodium bromide – NaBr; Sodium bromite ...
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