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During the German suppression of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, around 70 to 80% of libraries were carefully burned by the Brandkommandos (burning detachments), whose mission was to burn Warsaw. [13] In October 1944 the Załuski Library , the oldest public library in Poland and one of the oldest and most important libraries in Europe (established ...
Ruined Warsaw in January 1945. As the German army retreated during the later stages of the Second World War, many of the urban areas of what is now Poland were severely damaged as a result of military action between the retreating forces of the German Wehrmacht and advancing ones of the Soviet Red Army.
Map of the Warsaw Uprising: railway line and Warszawa Gdańska railway station separate Żoliborz from the Old Town to the north Colonel Karol Ziemskicodenamed Wachnowski, commander of the Północ Group. August 5, 1944, saw the start of the German counteroffensive against the insurgent forces in Warsaw.
Warsaw Uprising; Part of Operation Tempest of the Polish Resistance and the Eastern Front of World War II: Clockwise from top left: Civilians construct an anti-tank ditch in Wola district; German anti-tank gun in Theatre Square; Home Army soldier defending a barricade; Ruins of Bielańska Street; Insurgents leave the city ruins after surrendering to German forces; Allied transport planes ...
Millions of ordinary people were enslaved as part of the German war effort. [8] According to research by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, [9] Nazi Germany created some 42,500 camps and ghettos in which an estimated 15 to 20 million people were imprisoned. All types of confinement were used as a source of labour supply.
By the end of the Polish Defensive War the Soviet Union had taken over 52.1% of the territory of Poland (circa 200,000 km 2), with over 13,700,000 people.The estimates vary; Professor Elżbieta Trela-Mazur gives the following numbers in regards to the ethnic composition of these areas: 38% Poles (ca. 5.1 million people), 37% Ukrainians, 14.5% Belarusians, 8.4% Jews, 0.9% Russians and 0.6% Germans.
It also included German bombing raids during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944. During the course of the war, approximately 85% of the city was destroyed due to German mass bombings, heavy artillery fire, and a planned demolition campaign. [1] Warsaw after German bombardment in September 1939. Siege of Warsaw by Julien Bryan
Warsaw Ghetto wall and footbridge over Chłodna Street in 1942 Corner of Żelazna 70 and Chłodna 23 (looking east). This section of Żelazna street connected the "large ghetto" and "small ghetto" areas of German-occupied Warsaw. The Germans closed the Warsaw Ghetto to the outside world on November 15, 1940. [16]