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The spectral test is a statistical test for the quality of a class of pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs), the linear congruential generators (LCGs). [1] LCGs have a property that when plotted in 2 or more dimensions, lines or hyperplanes will form, on which all possible outputs can be found. [ 2 ]
The spectral test, which is a simple test of an LCG's quality, measures this spacing and allows a good multiplier to be chosen. The plane spacing depends both on the modulus and the multiplier. A large enough modulus can reduce this distance below the resolution of double precision numbers.
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Welch's method, named after Peter D. Welch, is an approach for spectral density estimation.It is used in physics, engineering, and applied mathematics for estimating the power of a signal at different frequencies.
FM station broadcasting at 91.7 MHz on seen on SDRpp spectrogram. Waterfall plots are often used to show how two-dimensional phenomena change over time. [1] A three-dimensional spectral waterfall plot is a plot in which multiple curves of data, typically spectra, are displayed simultaneously.
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Least-squares spectral analysis (LSSA) is a method of estimating a frequency spectrum based on a least-squares fit of sinusoids to data samples, similar to Fourier analysis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Fourier analysis, the most used spectral method in science, generally boosts long-periodic noise in the long and gapped records; LSSA mitigates such problems. [ 3 ]