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The "Old Order" (1950–1965) in Indonesia has long been understood to be a period of turmoil and crisis, characterized by rebellions and political unrest. The weakness of Indonesia's democracy and its gradual transition to authoritarianism during the Old Order can be attributed to conventional modernization theory, which suggests that without strong socioeconomic structures, successful ...
On the national level, however, this meant centralized rule under Sukarno: martial law, a massive reduction in civil liberties and democratic norms, and the Republic of Indonesia Armed Forces (in particular the Indonesian Army) and Communist Party of Indonesia acting as major power blocs.
The 1997 Asian financial crisis began in July 1997, in Thailand, and spread into Indonesia as foreign speculative investors pulled out their investments, sucking U.S. dollar liquidity in Indonesia and causing severe depreciation of the Indonesian rupiah. In the private sector, many Indonesian corporations had been borrowing heavily in lower ...
An era of Liberal Democracy (Indonesian: Demokrasi Liberal) in Indonesia began on August 17, 1950, following the dissolution of the federal United States of Indonesia less than a year after its formation, and ended with the imposition of martial law and President Sukarno's decree regarding the introduction of Guided Democracy on July 5, 1959.
An election rally for the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, 1999. The Indonesian political party system is regulated by Act No. 2 of 2008 on Political Parties. [3] The law defines political party as "a national organisation founded by like-minded Indonesian citizens with common goals to fulfill common interests and to defend the unity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as ...
Indonesia’s ruling party on Wednesday named the nation's top security minister as the running mate to the party’s presidential candidate in next year’s election in Southeast Asia’s largest ...
JAKARTA (Reuters) -Indonesia's ruling party on Wednesday said the running mate of its presidential candidate will be a well-respected, senior cabinet minister, as political heavyweights shore up ...
On 5 January 1973, to allow better control, the government forced the four Islamic parties to merge into PPP (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, United Development Party) while the five non-Islamic parties were fused into PDI (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia, Indonesian Democratic Party). The government ensured that these parties never developed ...