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One PDP context may have several (secondary) PDP contexts and NSAPI. The NSAPI is an integer value within the PDP context header. In the UMTS system the data connection between a GPRS Core Network and a mobile station is identified using an NSAPI, that identifies as well a radio access bearer.
In version 0, the signalling protocol (the protocol which sets up the tunnels by activating the PDP context) is combined with the tunnelling protocol on one port. Versions 1 and 2 are each effectively two protocols, one for control (called GTP-C) and one for user data tunneling (called GTP-U). GTP version 2 is different to version 1 only in GTP-C.
It performs the multiple PDP Context PDU transfers and it also ensures that NPDUs from each PDP Context are transmitted to the LLC layer in sufficient time to maintain the QoS. SNDCP provides services to the higher layers which may include connectionless and connection-oriented mode, compression, multiplexing and segmentation.
Networks and mobile devices with GPRS started to roll out around the year 2001. [2] At the time of introduction it offered for the first time [ b ] seamless mobile data transmission using packet data for an "always-on" connection (eliminating the need to "dial-up"), [ 3 ] providing improved Internet access for web , email , WAP services, and ...
Android 13 is the thirteenth major release and the 20th version of Android, the mobile operating system developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. It was released to the public and the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) on August 15, 2022. [2] The first devices to ship with Android 13 were the Pixel 7 and 7 Pro.
When the station is attached to the GPRS network, the SGSN keeps track of which routing area (RA) the station is attached to. An RA is a part of a larger location area (LA). When a station is paged this information is used to conserve network resources. When the station performs a PDP context, the SGSN has the exact BTS the station is using. Gx
The GMSC, on receipt of this Short Message, needs to discover the location of the B-Party in order to be able to correctly deliver the text to the recipient (the term Gateway MSC, in this context, indicating an MSC that is obtaining routing information from the Home Location Register (HLR)). To do this, the GMSC invokes the MAP service package ...
LTE-M or LTE-MTC ("Long-Term Evolution Machine Type Communication") is a type of low-power wide-area network radio communication technology standard developed by 3GPP for machine-to-machine and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.