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Thomas J. Bouchard Jr. (born October 3, 1937) is an American psychologist known for his behavioral genetics studies of twins raised apart. He is professor emeritus of psychology and director of the Minnesota Center for Twin and Adoption Research at the University of Minnesota.
The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is an ongoing longitudinal twin study based at King's College London.The main goal of TEDS is to use behavioural genetic methods to find out how nature and nurture (environments) can explain why people differ with respect to their cognitive abilities, learning abilities and behaviours.
The Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research (MCTFR) is a series of behavioral genetic longitudinal studies of families with twin or adoptive offspring conducted by researchers at the University of Minnesota. [1] It seeks to identify and characterize the genetic and environmental influences on the development of psychological traits.
[1] [2] Intelligence in the normal range is a polygenic trait, meaning that it is influenced by more than one gene, [3] [4] and in the case of intelligence at least 500 genes. [5] Further, explaining the similarity in IQ of closely related persons requires careful study because environmental factors may be correlated with genetic factors.
A later study in the mid-1980s, resulting in a paper awarded the Kurt Schneider Prize, concluded that children of identical twins were at higher risk than those of fraternal twins, indicating the non-schizophrenic identical twin passed on a latent genetic disposition, even if it had not been expressed through schizoida. [14]
Twin and adoption studies describe the extent to which family resemblance is due to shared genes and the extent to which it is due to shared environments. Behavioral Scientist uses twin studies to examine hereditary and environmental influences on behavioural development. For instance, some researchers also study adopted twins: the adoption ...
The power of twin designs arises from the fact that twins may be either identical (monozygotic (MZ), i.e. developing from a single fertilized egg and therefore sharing all of their polymorphic alleles) or fraternal (dizygotic (DZ), i.e. developing from two fertilized eggs and therefore sharing on average 50% of their alleles, the same level of genetic similarity found in non-twin siblings).
Identical Strangers: A Memoir of Twins Separated and Reunited is a 2007 memoir written by identical twins Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein and published by Random House. [1] The authors, born in New York City in 1968 to Leda Witt, daughter of Nathan Witt , were separated as infants, in part, to participate in a " nature versus nurture " twin ...