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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel responded to Kant's philosophy by suggesting that the unsolvable contradictions given by Kant in his Antinomies of Pure Reason applied more broadly to reality as such. Given that abstract thought is thus limited, he went on to consider how historical formations give rise to different philosophies and ways of thinking.
Hegel's second criticism was that Kant's ethics forces humans into an internal conflict between reason and desire. Because it does not address the tension between self-interest and morality, Kant's ethics cannot give individuals any reason to be moral. [75]
Immanuel Kant [a] (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential and controversial figures in modern Western philosophy.
Also, the distinction between logical and real relations, as well as the difference between phenomena and things-in-themselves, played an important role in Schopenhauer's philosophy. In general, the article tries to show how Schopenhauer misunderstood Kant as a result of the disparity between their methods.
Continental philosophy is an umbrella term for philosophies most prominent in continental Europe, [1] [page needed] which the contemporary political thinker Michael E. Rosen has identified with certain common themes, [2] deriving from a broadly Kantian tradition and focused on personal philosophical reflection rather than exclusively empirical inquiry.
1801 Hegel, The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy; 1804 Death of Kant; 1807 Hegel, The Phenomenology of Spirit (see: Absolute idealism) 1808 Goethe, Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy; 1809 Schelling, Philosophical Inquiries into the Essence of Human Freedom; 1810 Goethe, Theory of Colours
Kant, Immanuel. The Metaphysics of Morals. In Practical Philosophy. Edited by Mary J. Gregor. Cambridge University Press, 1996. Translated by Anonymous (John Richardson), "Metaphysic of Morals divided into Metaphysical Elements of Law and of Ethics." 2 vols. (London [Hamburg]: William Richardson, 1799). Translations of Part I: Kant, Immanuel.
Immanuel Kant is believed to have had a greater influence than any other philosopher of modern times. Kantian philosophy was the basis on which the structure of Marxism was built—particularly as it was developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.