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Cefoperazone contains an N-methylthiotetrazole (NMTT or 1-MTT) side chain.As the antibiotic is broken down in the body, it releases free NMTT, which can cause hypoprothrombinemia (likely due to inhibition of the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase) and a reaction with ethanol similar to that produced by disulfiram (Antabuse effect), due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Cefoperazone/sulbactam is a combination drug used as an antibiotic. It is effective for the treatment of urinary tract infections . [ 2 ] It contains cefoperazone , a β-lactam antibiotic , and sulbactam , a β-lactamase inhibitor , which helps prevent bacteria from breaking down cefoperazone.
The combination cefoperazone/sulbactam (Sulperazon) is available in many countries but not in the United States. [4] The co-packaged combination sulbactam/durlobactam was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2023. [5]
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Cefamandole (INN, also known as cephamandole) is a second-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic.The clinically used form of cefamandole is the formate ester cefamandole nafate, a prodrug which is administered parenterally.
Ceftriaxone, sold under the brand name Rocephin, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [4] These include middle ear infections, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and pelvic inflammatory disease. [4]
Ceftolozane exerts bactericidal activities against susceptible gram-negative and gram-positive infections by inhibiting essential penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are required for peptidoglycan cross-linking for bacterial cell wall synthesis, resulting in inhibition of cell wall synthesis and subsequent cell death.
Ceftiofur is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin type (third generation), licensed for use in veterinary medicine.It was first described in 1987. [3] It is marketed by pharmaceutical company Zoetis as Excenel, [4] Naxcel, and Excede and is also the active ingredient in that company's Spectramast LC (lactating cow formulation) and Spectramast DC (dry cow formulation) product.