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Phosphorus pentoxide crystallizes in at least four forms or polymorphs.The most familiar one, a metastable form [1] (shown in the figure), comprises molecules of P 4 O 10.Weak van der Waals forces hold these molecules together in a hexagonal lattice (However, in spite of the high symmetry of the molecules, the crystal packing is not a close packing [2]).
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
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A general formula for such cyclic compounds is [HPO 3] x where x = number of phosphoric units in the molecule. When metaphosphoric acids lose their hydrogens as H +, cyclic anions called metaphosphates are formed. An example of a compound with such an anion is sodium hexametaphosphate (Na 6 P 6 O 18), used as a sequestrant and a food additive.
The values in an NPK fertilizer label are related to the concentrations (by weight) of phosphorus and potassium elements as follows: P 2 O 5 consists of 56.4% elemental oxygen and 43.6% elemental phosphorus by weight.
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na 3 P O 4. It is a white, granular or crystalline solid, highly soluble in water, producing an alkaline solution. TSP is used as a cleaning agent, builder, lubricant, food additive, stain remover, and degreaser. [7]
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Pyrophosphates are generally white or colorless. The alkali metal salts are water-soluble. [3] They are good complexing agents for metal ions (such as calcium and many transition metals) and have many uses in industrial chemistry. Pyrophosphate is the first member of an entire series of polyphosphates. [4]