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Phosphorus pentoxide crystallizes in at least four forms or polymorphs.The most familiar one, a metastable form [1] (shown in the figure), comprises molecules of P 4 O 10.Weak van der Waals forces hold these molecules together in a hexagonal lattice (However, in spite of the high symmetry of the molecules, the crystal packing is not a close packing [2]).
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
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Caprolactam is the feedstock in the production of Nylon 6. [5] The Beckmann solution consists of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic anhydride, and was widely used to catalyze the rearrangement. Other acids, such as sulfuric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and hydrogen fluoride have all been used.
The overall process involves oxidative cleavage of one of the rings and loss of two of the carbon atoms as carbon dioxide. An alternative process involves oxidation of the two methyl groups of o-xylene, a more atom-economical process. This reaction is run at about 320–400 °C and has the following stoichiometry:
A general formula for such cyclic compounds is [HPO 3] x where x = number of phosphoric units in the molecule. When metaphosphoric acids lose their hydrogens as H +, cyclic anions called metaphosphates are formed. An example of a compound with such an anion is sodium hexametaphosphate (Na 6 P 6 O 18), used as a sequestrant and a food additive.
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Dinitrogen pentoxide (also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride) is the chemical compound with the formula N 2 O 5. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that contain only nitrogen and oxygen. It exists as colourless crystals that sublime slightly above room temperature, yielding a colorless gas. [4]