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A xerophyte (from Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós) 'dry' and φυτόν (phutón) 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. Examples of xerophytes include cacti , pineapple and some gymnosperm plants.
The flower of Nymphaea alba, a species of water lily Bud of Nelumbo nucifera, an aquatic plant.. Aquatic plants also referred to as hydrophytes [1] are vascular plants and non-vascular plants [2] that have adapted to live in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater).
They usually have larger, thinner leaves compared to xerophytes, sometimes with a greater number of stomata on the undersides of leaves. Because of their lack of particular xeromorphic adaptations, when they are exposed to extreme conditions they lose water rapidly, and are not tolerant of drought.
In ‘Plantesamfund’, Warming coined the words hydrophyte, mesophyte, xerophyte and halophyte. Hydrophyte - An aquatic plant; a plant which lives and grows in water. Mesophyte - A name given to plants which grow naturally in conditions of intermediate soil moisture. Xerophyte - A plant that is able to grow where the water supply is small ...
Life forms: (1) Phanerophyte, (2; 3) Chamaephyte, (4) Hemicryptophyte, (5; 6) Geophyte, (7) Helophyte, (8; 9) Hydrophyte. Therophyte and epiphyte are not shown. The Raunkiær system is a system for categorizing plants using life-form categories, devised by Danish botanist Christen C. Raunkiær and later extended by various authors.
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Not all xerophytes are succulents, since there are other ways of adapting to a shortage of water, e.g., by developing small leaves which may roll up or having leathery rather than succulent leaves. [8] Nor are all succulents xerophytes, as plants such as Crassula helmsii are both succulent and aquatic. [9] The center rosette of Aloe polyphylla
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