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Main symptoms of multiple sclerosis Symptoms and findings in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms varying significantly in severity and progression among individuals: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech or swallowing (), visual ...
Various neurological and motor disorders can give rise to dysarthria. The main causes can be classified as genetic, infectious, toxic, traumatic, vascular, neoplastic, demyelinating, degenerative, or other. [7] [8] Genetic: Wilson's disease, Tay–Sachs disease, and Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO syndrome)
Currently it is unknown what the primary cause of MS is; if MS is a heterogeneous disease, the lesion development process would not be unique. In particular, some PPMS patients having a special clinical course named rapidly progressive multiple sclerosis could have a special genetic cause [ 47 ] and a different development process.
Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms including changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, impaired movement, difficulties with coordination and balance, problems in speech (known as dysarthria) or swallowing , visual problems (nystagmus, optic neuritis, or diplopia), fatigue and acute or chronic ...
The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). They include movement dysfunction such as dystonia (continuous spasms and muscle contractions), akathisia (may manifest as motor restlessness), [ 1 ] parkinsonism characteristic symptoms such as rigidity , bradykinesia (slowness of movement), tremor , and tardive dyskinesia ...
MS can be considered among the acquired demyelinating syndromes with a multiphasic instead of monophasic behaviour. [129] Multiple sclerosis has a prodromal stage in which an unknown underlying condition, able to damage the brain, is present, but no lesion has still developed.
Other possible neurological problems include spasmodic dysphonia, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, rigidity, dysarthria, dysphagia and neck dystonic posture. [44] Diagnosis may be based on a thorough medical exam; the presence of signs and symptoms; imaging studies; various laboratory tests; and an evaluation of the family history.
A special characteristic that makes a difference between MS and the several kinds of ADEM is the structure of the lesions, being strictly perivenous in ADEM and showing a confluence around veins in MS. Given that ADEM can be multiphase sometimes and MS can appear in children, this characteristic is often considered as the line that separates ...
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