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Quipu in the Cleveland Museum of Art in Cleveland, Ohio.. Quipu (/ ˈ k iː p uː / KEE-poo), also spelled khipu, are recording devices fashioned from knotted cords.They were historically used by various cultures in the central Andes of South America, most prominently by the Inca Empire.
The quipus constituted a mnemonic system based on knotted strings used to record all kinds of quantitative or qualitative information; if they were dealing with the results of mathematical operations, only those previously performed on the "Inca abacuss" or yupanas were cancelled. Although one of its functions is related to mathematics — as ...
Her research on khipu boards, a herding khipu collected by Max Uhle in 1895, and other khipus surviving in Andean communities led her to argue that the ply direction of knots on khipu cords and the colour of the fibre were significant ways of encoding meaning in khipus. [12] [13] [14]
Along the Danube and in Switzerland the tally was still used in the 20th century in rural economies. The most prominent and best recorded use of the split tally stick or "nick-stick" [7] [8] being used as a form of currency [9] was when Henry I introduced the tally stick system in medieval England in around 1100. The tally sticks recorded a ...
The chasquis were used to carry the king's orders in short time to the provinces or to the army commanders and bring news and notices important for the kingdom, the war and the provinces to Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire.
Khipus can also be used in situations to communicate information. ... imaging. 1856 images were acquired and 1268 of these were used to create a 15 strip ...
Similar candles were used in Japan until the early 10th century. [ 64 ] The invention of the candle clock was attributed by the Anglo-Saxons to Alfred the Great , king of Wessex (r. 871–889), who used six candles marked at intervals of one inch (25 mm), each made from 12 pennyweights of wax, and made to be 12 centimetres (4.7 in) in height ...
Several examples of the molds used to shape the low relief sculptures have been discovered, most are made of a solid metal alloy but wood molds were also used. [23] Researchers Christopher B. Donnan and David A. Scott proved how delicate this process of shaping is when they used a cast of one of the copper alloy molds to recreate the process.