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PIM Dense Mode (PIM-DM) implicitly builds shortest-path trees by flooding multicast traffic domain wide, and then pruning back branches of the tree where no receivers are present. PIM-DM is straightforward to implement but generally has poor scaling properties. The first multicast routing protocol, DVMRP used dense-mode multicast routing. [4]
There are variations of PIM implementations: Sparse Mode (SM), Dense Mode (DM), source-specific multicast (SSM) and Bidirectional Mode (Bidir, or Sparse-Dense Mode, SDM). Of these, PIM-SM is the most widely deployed as of 2006; [citation needed] SSM and Bidir are simpler and scalable variations developed more recently and are gaining in popularity.
To implement the multicast routing, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and a multicast routing protocol (Reverse-path forwarding, PIM-SM) for registration subscriber grouping and control traffic are required for multicast transmission. [2] [3] [4] Regarding IP multicast, it is a technique for one-to-many communication over an IP network ...
PNNI over IP: 0x67 103 PIM Protocol Independent Multicast: 0x68 104 ARIS IBM's ARIS (Aggregate Route IP Switching) Protocol 0x69 105 SCPS SCPS (Space Communications Protocol Standards) SCPS-TP [4] 0x6A 106 QNX: QNX 0x6B 107 A/N Active Networks 0x6C 108 IPComp IP Payload Compression Protocol: RFC 3173: 0x6D 109 SNP Sitara Networks Protocol: 0x6E ...
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Version 2 No 224.0.0.18 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) No 224.0.0.19–21 IS-IS over IP No 224.0.0.22 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) version 3 [22]: §4.2.14 No 224.0.0.102 Hot Standby Router Protocol version 2 (HSRPv2) / Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) No 224.0.0.107
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) is then used between the local and remote multicast routers to direct multicast traffic from hosts sending multicasts to hosts that have registered through IGMP to receive them. IGMP operates on the network layer (layer 3), just the same as other network management protocols like ICMP. [1]
In standard unicast IP routing, the router forwards the packet away from the source to make progress along the distribution tree and prevent routing loops. In contrast, the router's multicast forwarding state runs more logically by organizing tables based on the reverse path, from the receiver back to the root of the distribution tree at the ...
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) is a Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) family multicast routing protocol defined by Experimental RFC 3618. [1] Despite becoming the IPv4 de facto standard for inter-domain multicast, development of the protocol stopped in 2006 and it was decided by the authors not to proceed with making it a proposed standard. [2]