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A feedwater heater is a power plant component used to pre-heat water delivered to a steam generating boiler. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Preheating the feedwater reduces the irreversibilities involved in steam generation and therefore improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the system. [ 4 ]
The water is reused and needs to be treated to continue efficient operations. Boiler water must be treated in order to be proficient in producing steam. Boiler water is treated to prevent scaling, corrosion, foaming, and priming. Chemicals are put into boiler water through the chemical feed tank to keep the water within chemical range.
A means had to be provided, of course, to put the initial charge of water into the boiler (before steam power was available to operate the steam-powered feedwater pump). The pump was often a positive displacement pump that had steam valves and cylinders at one end and feedwater cylinders at the other end; no crankshaft was required.
In 1899, George M Kleucker received a patent for an improved method of de-aerating water. [8] Two sister ships, Olympic and Titanic (1912), had contact feed heaters on board. [9] In 1934 the US Navy purchased an atomizing deaerator. [10] During the 1920s the feedwater heaters and deaerators designs improved. [11] [12] [13]
A boiler that has a loss of feed water and is permitted to boil dry can be extremely dangerous. If feed water is then sent into the empty boiler, the small cascade of incoming water instantly boils on contact with the superheated metal shell and leads to a violent explosion that cannot be controlled even by safety steam valves.
Domestically, water is traditionally heated in vessels known as water heaters, kettles, cauldrons, pots, or coppers. These metal vessels that heat a batch of water do not produce a continual supply of heated water at a preset temperature. Rarely, hot water occurs naturally, usually from natural hot springs. The temperature varies with the ...
In a water tube boiler, the water is recirculated inside until the vapor pressure of the water overcomes the vapor pressure inside the stream drum and becomes saturated steam. The forced circulation boiler begins the same as a natural circulation boiler, at the feed water pump. Water is introduced into the steam drum and is circulated around ...
British 9F 92024 with Crosti boiler, showing secondary smokebox door and side-mounted chimney Schematic diagram of a Franco–Crosti boiler with single feedwater heater. The Franco–Crosti boiler is a type of boiler used for steam locomotives.
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