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However, overall, the gender gap in math and science for boys and girls from similar socio-economic backgrounds was not significant. [ 32 ] On the math portion of the 2019 TIMMS, taken at a similar age as the PISA, girls outperformed boys by 3 points on average, although the difference was not statistically significant. [ 33 ]
non-binary [9] [5] can be defined as "does not subscribe to the gender binary but identifies with neither, both, or beyond male and female". [20] The term may be used as "an umbrella term, encompassing several gender identities, including intergender, agender, xenogender, genderfluid, and demigender."
It is these gender differences between men and women, which are regarded and valued differently, that give rise to gender inequalities as they work to systematically empower one group and oppress the other. Both gender differences and gender inequalities can lead to disparities in health outcomes and access to health care.
Gender inequality is a result of the persistent discrimination of one group of people based upon gender and it manifests itself differently according to race, culture, politics, country, and economic situation. While gender discrimination happens to both men and women in individual situations, discrimination against women is more common.
Gender discrimination is discrimination based on actual or perceived gender identity. [197] [page needed] Gender identity is "the gender-related identity, appearance, or mannerisms or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, with or without regard to the individual's designated sex at birth".
Non-binary people may identify as an intermediate or separate third gender, [6] identify with more than one gender [7] [8] or no gender, or have a fluctuating gender identity. [9] Gender identity is separate from sexual or romantic orientation ; [ 10 ] non-binary people have various sexual orientations.
At the same time, the existing gender equality indices do not take into account gender-based mandatory conscription in peacetime for men. [86] Military registration only for men in the United States is one of the examples that men's rights activist Warren Farrell cites to argue that discrimination against men is pervasive. He writes that if any ...
Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making, and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, also regardless of gender. [1]