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Epithelial–mesenchymal transition was first recognized as a feature of embryogenesis by Betty Hay in the 1980s. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] EMT, and its reverse process, MET ( mesenchymal-epithelial transition ) are critical for development of many tissues and organs in the developing embryo, and numerous embryonic events such as gastrulation , neural crest ...
Unlike epithelial cells – which are stationary and characterized by an apico-basal polarity with binding by a basal lamina, tight junctions, gap junctions, adherent junctions and expression of cell-cell adhesion markers such as E-cadherin, [4] mesenchymal cells do not make mature cell-cell contacts, can invade through the extracellular matrix, and express markers such as vimentin ...
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition is a morphogenetic process, normally occurs in embryogenesis that is "hijacked" by cancer stem cells by detaching from their primary place and migrating to another one. The dissemination is followed by reverse transition so-called Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT).
Similar to collective cell migration in development and wound healing, cancer cells also undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), that reduces cell-cell adhesions and allows cancer spreading. [20] The diagram on the right shows: A: Border cell migration in a Drosophila embryo. (a) shows border cells migrating in a confined space ...
Epithelial cells in culture grow normally as tight clusters. However, they could be induced to break cell-cell contacts and become elongated and motile after exposure to a "scatter factor" that was secreted by mesenchymal cells such as Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. [12] This was best described by Julia Gray's group in 1987. [13]
All IF proteins are expressed in a highly developmentally-regulated fashion; vimentin is the major cytoskeletal component of mesenchymal cells. Because of this, vimentin is often used as a marker of mesenchymally-derived cells or cells undergoing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during both normal development and metastatic ...
This transition occurs through the loss of epithelial cadherin, tight junctions, and adherens junctions on the cell membranes of epithelial cells. [9] The surface molecules undergo endocytosis and the microtubule cytoskeleton loses shape, enabling mesenchyme to migrate along the extracellular matrix (ECM).
The collective–amoeboid transition (CMT) is a process by which collective multicellular groups dissociate into amoeboid single cells following the down-regulation of integrins. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] CMTs contrast with epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMT) which occur following a loss of E-cadherin .