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Schematic of contact area for the JKR model JKR test with a rigid bead on a deformable planar material: complete cycle. To incorporate the effect of adhesion in Hertzian contact, Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts [5] formulated the JKR theory of adhesive contact using a balance between the stored elastic energy and the loss in surface energy. The ...
The primary goal of JIRAM is to probe the upper layers of Jupiter's atmosphere down to pressures of 5–7 bars (72–102 pound/square inch) at infrared wavelengths in the 2–5 μm interval using an imager and a spectrometer. [1] The Jupiter's atmosphere and auroral regions are targeted for study. [2]
Some capillary techniques provide also a chamber like arrangement, however, there is no filter between the cells and the test substance. [5] Quantitative results are gained by the multiwell type of this probe using 4-8-12-channel pipettes. Accuracy of the pipette and increased number of the parallel running samples is the great advantage of ...
Navigation of the probe tips in SEM based nanoprobers are typically controlled by precision piezoelectric manipulators. Typical systems have anywhere from 2 to 8 probe manipulators with high end tools having better than 5 nm of placement resolution in the X, Y & Z axes and a high accuracy sample stage for navigation of the sample under test.
In this method, a small plate-shaped sample of the solid in question, attached to the arm of a force meter, is vertically dipped into a pool of the probe liquid (in actuality, the design of a stationary force meter would have the liquid being brought up, rather than the sample being brought down), and the force exerted on the sample by the ...
Several variables are used to evaluate an animal's performance. For example, a "probe trial" measures how long the test subject spends in the "target quadrant" (the quadrant with the hidden platform). [12] More elaborate trials alter the location of the hidden platform, or measure distance spent swimming in the pool before reaching the platform ...
A soil sample recovered from a test boring using a split spoon sampler. Borings come in two main varieties: large diameter and small diameter. Large-diameter borings are rarely used because of safety concerns and expense but are sometimes used to allow a geologist or an engineer to visually and manually examine the soil and rock stratigraphy in-situ.
Four-point measurement of resistance between voltage sense connections 2 and 3. Current is supplied via force connections 1 and 4. In electrical engineering, four-terminal sensing (4T sensing), 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method is an electrical impedance measuring technique that uses separate pairs of current-carrying and voltage-sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements ...