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Most urban rooftops are completely impervious. The total coverage by impervious surfaces in an area, such as a municipality or a watershed, is usually expressed as a percentage of the total land area. The coverage increases with rising urbanization. In rural areas, impervious cover may only be one or two percent.
Not to be confused with Grundflächenzahl (GRZ), which is the Site Coverage Ratio. In India floor space index (FSI) and floor area ratio (FAR) are both used. [7] In the United Kingdom and Hong Kong both plot ratio and site ratio are used. [8] [9] In Singapore the terms plot ratio and gross plot ratio (GPR) are more commonly used.
Flooded streets in New Orleans Relationship between impervious surfaces and surface runoff Urban runoff is a major cause of urban flooding , the inundation of land or property in a built-up environment caused by rainfall overwhelming the capacity of drainage systems , such as storm sewers . [ 12 ]
Coverage ratio may refer to Building coverage ratio, related to floor area ratio; Debt service coverage ratio; Interest coverage ratio This page was last edited on 6 ...
Surface runoff in hydrologic systems is generally conceptualized as occurring from pervious and impervious areas. It is the pervious runoff that is affected by antecedent moisture conditions, as runoff from impervious surfaces such as roads, sidewalks, and roofs will not be significantly affected by preceding moisture levels. Pervious surfaces ...
Any activities that enlarge the impermeable surface areas in a city can increase the flood risk. Impermeable surface areas are generated through soil sealing as this reduces drainage options of floodwaters. [3]: 925 As the pace of urbanization accelerates around the world, urban flooding has the potential to affect more people. [3]: 925
These consist chiefly of clay soils with a high swelling potential, soils with a permanent high water table, soils with a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and shallow soils over nearly impervious materials. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission (final infiltration rate less than 0.05 in (1.3 mm) per hour).
Spatial intelligence is an area in the theory of multiple intelligences that deals with spatial judgment and the ability to visualize with the mind's eye. It is defined by Howard Gardner as a human computational capacity that provides the ability or mental skill to solve spatial problems of navigation, visualization of objects from different angles and space, faces or scenes recognition, or to ...