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The azygos vein transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava.. It is formed by the union of the ascending lumbar veins with the right subcostal veins at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, ascending to the right of the descending aorta and thoracic duct, passing behind the right crus of diaphragm, anterior to the vertebral ...
It runs superiorly, intersecting with the lumbar veins as it crosses them. [1] It passes behind the psoas major muscle, but in front of the lumbar vertebrae. [1] When the ascending lumbar vein crosses the subcostal vein, it becomes one of the following: the azygos vein (in the case of the right ascending lumbar vein). [1] [2]
Portal hypertension is defined as increased portal venous pressure, with a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. [3] [4] Normal portal pressure is 1–4 mmHg; clinically insignificant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures 5–9 mmHg; clinically significant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures greater than 10 mmHg. [5]
A CXR of a person with lung cancer, which was causing superior vena cava syndrome A CT image showing compression of the right hilar structures by cancer. The main techniques of diagnosing SVCS are with chest X-rays (CXR), CT scans, transbronchial needle aspiration at bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy. [6]
Azygos lobe on chest X-ray. Arrowheads show the delineation of the lobe. Arrow points to the azygos vein. In human anatomy, an azygos lobe is a normal anatomical variation of the upper lobe of the right lung. [1] It is seen in 0.3% of the population. [2]
A portacaval anastomosis or portocaval anastomosis is a specific type of circulatory anastomosis that occurs between the veins of the portal circulation and the vena cava, thus forming one of the principal types of portasystemic anastomosis or portosystemic anastomosis, as it connects the portal circulation to the systemic circulation, providing an alternative pathway for the blood.
The hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein, when taken together, essentially serve as the left-sided equivalent of the azygos vein. [2] That is, the azygos vein serves to drain most of the posterior intercostal veins on the right side of the body, and the hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein drain most of the posterior intercostal veins on the left side of the body. [2]
Along the length of the GSV, it [clarification needed] receives numerous tributaries (from the subcutaneous layer) and drains into the deep veins via the perforator veins. The "eye sign" When seen in a scan, the GSV and the Giacomini vein, together with the accessory saphenous vein (ASV), form an image resembling an eye which is referred to as ...