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  2. Edwin Sutherland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland

    Edwin Hardin Sutherland (August 13, 1883 – October 11, 1950) was an American sociologist.He is considered one of the most influential criminologists of the 20th century. He was a sociologist of the symbolic interactionist school of thought and is best known for defining white-collar crime and differential association, a general theory of crime and delinquency.

  3. White-collar crime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-collar_crime

    “This sub-group is referred to as red-collar criminals because they straddle both the white-collar crime arena and, eventually, the violent crime arena. In circumstances where there is the threat of detection, red-collar criminals commit brutal acts of violence to silence the people who have detected their fraud and to prevent further ...

  4. Corporate crime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_crime

    However, corporate crime was not officially recognized as an independent area of study until Edwin Sutherland provided a definition of white-collar crime in 1949. Sutherland in 1949, argued to the American Sociological Society the need to expand the boundaries of the study of crime to include the criminal act of respectable individuals in the ...

  5. Differential association - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_association

    Sutherland had developed the idea of the "self" as a social construct, as when a person's self-image is continuously being reconstructed especially when interacting with other people. Phenomenology and ethnomethodology also encouraged people to debate the certainty of knowledge and to make sense of their everyday experiences using indexicality ...

  6. Subcultural theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcultural_theory

    He defined gangs by the process they go through to form a group: "The gang is an interstitial group originally formed spontaneously, and then integrated through conflict. It is characterized by the following types of behavior: meeting face to face, milling, movement through space as a unit, conflict, and planning.

  7. Donald Cressey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Cressey

    Donald Ray Cressey (April 27, 1919 – July 21, 1987) was an American penologist, sociologist, and criminologist who made innovative contributions to the study of organized crime, prisons, criminology, the sociology of criminal law, white-collar crime. [1] [2] [3]

  8. Occupational crime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_crime

    Occupational crime is crime that is committed through opportunity created in the course of legal occupation. Thefts of company property, vandalism , the misuse of information and many other activities come under the rubric of occupational crime.

  9. Securities fraud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securities_fraud

    Some manifestations of this white collar crime have become more frequent as the Internet gives criminals greater access to prey. The trading volume in the United States securities and commodities markets , having grown dramatically in the 1990s, has led to an increase in fraud and misconduct by investors , executives , shareholders , and other ...