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A bear with a salmon. Interspecific interactions such as predation are a key aspect of community ecology.. In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.
A plant community can be described floristically (the species of flowers or flora the plant community contains) [5] and/or phytophysiognomically (the physical structure or appearance of the plant community). For example, a forest (a community of trees) includes the overstory, or upper tree layer of the canopy, as well as the understory, a layer ...
[4] [5] An emerging branch of Citizen Science are Community Mapping projects that utilize smartphone and tablet technology. For example, TurtleSAT [6] is a community mapping project that is mapping freshwater turtle deaths throughout Australia. This list of citizen science projects involves projects that engage all age groups.
Some examples of non-trophic interactions are habitat modification, mutualism and competition for space. It has been suggested recently that non-trophic interactions can indirectly affect food web topology and trophic dynamics by affecting the species in the network and the strength of trophic links.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) - involving government agencies in Canada, the US, and Mexico—providing an automated reference database of scientific and common names for species; MycoBank - the complete list of fungi, yeasts and lichens ever described. This large and complete database belongs to the International Mycological ...
Ants are the best-known example of such a superorganism. A superorganism can be defined as "a collection of agents which can act in concert to produce phenomena governed by the collective", [ 2 ] phenomena being any activity "the hive wants" such as ants collecting food and avoiding predators , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] or bees choosing a new nest site. [ 5 ]
In phytosociology and community ecology an association is a type of ecological community with a predictable species composition and consistent physiognomy (structural appearance) which occurs in a particular habitat type.
Note that only very general articles about concepts in human community organization should be directly filed here. Actual specific communities should be categorized, depending on their specific type, as e.g. populated places in a specific country, or organi[s/z]ations based in a specific country.