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Examples of passive components deliberately designed to be non-reciprocal include circulators and isolators. [3] The transfer function of a reciprocal network has the property that it is symmetrical about the main diagonal if expressed in terms of a z-parameter, y-parameter, or s-parameter matrix. A non-symmetrical matrix implies a non ...
In network science, reciprocity is a measure of the likelihood of vertices in a directed network to be mutually linked. [1] Like the clustering coefficient , scale-free degree distribution , or community structure , reciprocity is a quantitative measure used to study complex networks .
A network is said to be reciprocal if the voltage appearing at port 2 due to a current applied at port 1 is the same as the voltage appearing at port 1 when the same current is applied to port 2. Exchanging voltage and current results in an equivalent definition of reciprocity.
Forms of the reciprocity theorems are used in many electromagnetic applications, such as analyzing electrical networks and antenna systems. [1] For example, reciprocity implies that antennas work equally well as transmitters or receivers, and specifically that an antenna's radiation and receiving patterns are identical.
Reciprocity (electrical networks), reciprocity theorem as it relates to current and voltage in electrical networks; Reciprocity (network science), measures the tendency of vertex pairs to form mutual connections between each other; Reciprocity (optoelectronic), a diode under illumination to the photon emission of the same diode under applied ...
Networks which include non-reciprocal materials in the transmission medium such as those containing magnetically biased ferrite components will be non-reciprocal. An amplifier is another example of a non-reciprocal network. A property of 3-port networks, however, is that they cannot be simultaneously reciprocal, loss-free, and perfectly matched ...
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In electromagnetism the concept is known as Lorentz reciprocity, a special case of which is the reciprocity theorem of electrical networks. The reciprocity principle is also used in the analysis of structures. [2] When combined with superposition, symmetry and anti-symmetry, it can be used to resolve complex load conditions.