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2. Diamond (gemstone) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_(gemstone)

   Diamond[a] is a gemstone formed by cutting a raw diamond. Diamonds are one of the best-known and most sought-after gems, and they have been used as decorative items since ancient times. The hardness of diamond and its high dispersion of light —giving the diamond its characteristic "fire"—make it useful for industrial applications and ...

3. Carbuncle (gemstone) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbuncle_(gemstone)

   Carbuncle (/ ˈkɑːrbʌŋkəl /) is another name for a deep red almandine gemstone that has been cut with a smooth, convex face in a method called cabochon. [1] Traditionally, the term referred to any red gemstone, most often a red garnet. [2] Carbuncles and their chimeras have spanned three millennia. Intermingling red gems until the time of ...

4. Synthetic diamond - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_diamond

   Synthetic gem-quality diamond crystals were first produced in 1970 by GE, then reported in 1971. The first successes used a pyrophyllite tube seeded at each end with thin pieces of diamond.

5. Cullinan Diamond - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cullinan_Diamond

   Cullinan Diamond. The Cullinan Diamond is the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found, [2] weighing 3,106 carats (621.20 g), discovered at the Premier No.2 mine in Cullinan, South Africa, on 26 January 1905. It was named after Thomas Cullinan, the owner of the mine. In April 1905, it was put on sale in London, but despite considerable ...

6. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

7. List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._state...

   Leaders of states in the U.S. which have significant mineral deposits often create a state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone to promote interest in their natural resources, history, tourism, etc. Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone and/or gemstone, however. In the chart below, a year which is listed within parentheses represents the year during which that mineral, rock ...