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Active-state power management (ASPM) is a power management mechanism for PCI Express devices to garner power savings while otherwise in a fully active state. Predominantly, this is achieved through active-state link power management; i.e., the PCI Express serial link is powered down when there is no traffic across it.
UEFI support in Windows began in 2008 with Windows Vista SP1. [22] The Windows boot manager is located at the \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\ subfolder of the EFI system partition. [23] On Windows XP 64-Bit Edition and later, access to the EFI system partition is obtained by running the mountvol command. Mounts the EFI system partition on the specified drive.
On system with BIOS firmware, the BIOS invokes MBR boot code from a hard disk drive at startup. The MBR boot code and the VBR boot code are OS-specific. In Microsoft Windows, the MBR boot code tries to find an active partition (the MBR is only 512 bytes), then executes the VBR boot code of an active partition.
Hot swapping is disabled. Device Sleep with a maximum return latency of 20 milliseconds unless otherwise specified in Identify Data Log; These can be selected by the SATA AHCI driver, usually via a configuration option, or by the OS Power Options. Windows Vista and later allows the tweaking of AHCI LPM modes through a registry hack. [3]
The partition type (or partition ID) in a partition's entry in the partition table inside a master boot record (MBR) is a byte value intended to specify the file system the partition contains or to flag special access methods used to access these partitions (e.g. special CHS mappings, LBA access, logical mapped geometries, special driver access, hidden partitions, secured or encrypted file ...
The boot code in the VBR can assume that the BIOS has set up its data structures and interrupts and initialized the hardware. The code should not assume more than 32 KB of memory to be present for fail-safe operation; [1] if it needs more memory it should query INT 12h for it, since other pre-boot code (such as f.e. BIOS extension overlays, encryption systems, or remote bootstrap loaders) may ...
According to Microsoft, the basic data partition is the equivalent to master boot record (MBR) partition types 0x06 , 0x07 (NTFS or exFAT), and 0x0B . [2] In practice, it is equivalent to 0x01 ( FAT12 ), 0x04 ( FAT16 ), 0x0C (FAT32 with logical block addressing ), and 0x0E (FAT16 with logical block addressing) types as well.
The MBR sector may contain code to locate the active partition and invoke its volume boot record. A volume boot record (VBR) is the first sector of a data storage device that has not been partitioned, or the first sector of an individual partition on a data storage device that has been partitioned.