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The Sikh Empire, officially known as Sarkār-i-Khālsa and Khālasa Rāj, [citation needed] was a regional power based in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. [7] It existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered by the British East India Company in the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
After the oppressive anti-Sikh government policy failed to get rid of the Sikh threat, the Mughal government decided to try pacifying the Sikhs by granting them an official jagir (estate) grant. [5] Upon Sikh request, a Nawab title was offered to the Sikhs, which was bestowed upon Kapur Singh in 1733 (since Darbara Singh had rejected it ...
The Afghan–Sikh wars spanned from 1748 to 1837 in the Indian subcontinent, and saw multiple phases of fighting between the Durrani Empire and the Sikh Empire (and its predecessors), mainly in and around Punjab region.
The establishment of the Sikh Empire in 1799 is commonly considered the zenith of Sikhism in the political sphere, [17] during its existence (from 1799 to 1849) the Sikh Empire came to include Kashmir, Ladakh, and Peshawar. A number of Hindu and Muslim peasants converted to Sikhism. [18]
Lahore City and Fort, circa 1825 The young Maharaja Duleep Singh, the last Sikh ruler of the Punjab. The Sikh Rule in Lahore initiated from the conquest and rule of the Sikh Misls and extended till the Sikh Empire of Ranjit Singh (also known as Punjab, the Sikh Raj, Sarkar Khālsā Rāj, and Sarkar Khalsaji) [1] which ended in 1849. [2]
The Sikh Empire (1799 – 1849 CE) was established by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Throughout its history, it fought various adversaries including the Durrani Empire of Afghanistan and the British East India Company .
In order to withstand the persecution of Shah Jahan and other Mughal emperors, several of the later Sikh Gurus established military forces and fought the Mughal Empire and Simla Hills' Kings [7] in the early and middle Mughal-Sikh Wars and the Hill States–Sikh wars.
The mid 19th-century Muslim historians, such as Shahamat Ali who experienced the Sikh Empire first hand, presented a different view on Ranjit Singh's Empire and governance. [ 86 ] [ 87 ] According to Ali, Ranjit Singh's government was despotic, and he was a mean monarch in contrast to the Mughals. [ 86 ]
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