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The traditions and philosophy of Sikhism were established by ten gurus from 1469 to 1708. [92] [93] Each guru added to and reinforced the message taught by the previous, resulting in the creation of the Sikh religion. Guru Nanak was the first guru and appointed a disciple as successor.
The Sikhs are adherents to Sikhism, the fifth largest organized religion in the world, with around 25 million adherents. [1] Sikh History is around 500 years and in that time the Sikhs have developed unique expressions of art and culture which are influenced by their faith and synthesize traditions from many other cultures depending on the locality of the adherents of the religion.
Amritsar — the holy city of Sikhism, home to 1.5 million in the northwestern part of India. Harmandir Sahib (or Golden Temple) — the holy shrine of Sikhs; the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh religion, found in Amritsar. Anandpur Sahib — the birthplace of the Khalsa. Virasat-e-Khalsa — a Sikh museum in Anandpur; Goindval Sahib
Both Sikhs and Hindus revere the concept of a guru [87] although the role and concept of a guru in Sikhism is different from that in Hinduism [88] In the Hindu and Sikh traditions, there is a distinction between religion and culture, and ethical decisions are grounded in both religious beliefs and cultural values.
The field is seen as beginning around the mid-20th century, during the time of the partition of the Indian subcontinent into two domains: Pakistan and India. [1] Literature in European languages regarding Sikhs and Sikhism has existed since the 18th century but the institutional environment did not exist at that period to further these inquiries and attempts into a proper field of study. [1]
Many countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, recognize Sikhs as a designated religion on their censuses [95] and, as of 2020, Sikhs are considered as a separate ethnic group in the United States. [96] The UK also considers Sikhs to be an ethno-religious people, as a direct result of the Mandla v Dowell-Lee case in 1982. [97] [98]
The establishment of the Sikh Empire in 1799 is commonly considered the zenith of Sikhism in the political sphere, [17] during its existence (from 1799 to 1849) the Sikh Empire came to include Kashmir, Ladakh, and Peshawar. A number of Hindu and Muslim peasants converted to Sikhism. [18]
Sikhism (/ ˈ s iː k ɪ z əm / SEEK-iz-əm) also known as Sikhi, is an Indian religion and philosophy that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent around the end of the 15th century CE. It is one of the most recently founded major religions and among the largest in the world with about 25–30 million adherents, known as Sikhs.