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An automobile auxiliary power outlet (also known as car cigarette lighter or auxiliary power outlet [1]) in an automobile was initially designed to power an electrically heated cigarette lighter, [1] but became a de facto standard DC connector to supply electrical power for portable accessories used in or near an automobile directly from the ...
This process led to the proposal of a new round connector design by Yazaki which allowed for an increased power delivery of up to 19.2 kW delivered via single phase 120–240 V AC at up to 80 amps. In 2008, CARB published a new standard that mandated the usage of the new connector beginning with the 2010 model year; [ 7 ] this was approved in 2012.
The connector is circular in shape, with a flattened top edge; the original design specification carried an output electric power of 3–50 kW for charging battery electric vehicles using single-phase (230V) or three-phase (400V) alternating current (AC), with a typical maximum of 32 A 7.2 kW using single-phase AC and 22 kW with three-phase AC ...
The main advantage of higher voltage is that electrical components can be made with less metal, saving weight and cost, and improving energy efficiency. As such an 48-volt electrical system has been introduced. Most modern systems, such as power windows, power seats, and power door locks, are electrically powered.
A 48 V system can provide more power, improve energy recuperation, [7] and allow up to an 85% decrease in cable mass. [10]12-volt systems can provide only 3.5 kilowatts, while a 48 V power could achieve 15 to 20 kW or even 50 kW. 48 volts is below the level that is considered safe in dry conditions without special protective measures. [11]
The Type 2 connector has a maximum power output for 43 kW and can handle both single-, dual- and three-phase AC power. The IEC 62196-2 Type 1 connector (codified under SAE J1772) is the corresponding standard for single-phase AC charging in the United States, Canada, and South Korea. [12] J1772 has a maximum output of 19.2 kW. [13]
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