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The carruca or caruca was a kind of heavy plow important to medieval agriculture in Northern Europe. The carruca used a heavy iron plowshare to turn heavy soil and may have required a team of eight oxen. The carruca also bore a coulter and moldboard. It gave its name to the English carucate.
The heavy iron moldboard plow was invented in China's Han Empire in the 1st and 2nd century, and from there it spread to the Netherlands, which led the Agricultural Revolution. [ 22 ] : 20 The mould-board plough introduced in the 18th century was a major advance in technology.
The Plough invention described was replacement of the simple ard by the carruca turnplough around the 7th century, though a heavy iron moldboard plow was already developed in China's Han Empire in the 1st and 2nd century. The carruca may have been introduced to the British Isles by the Viking invasions of England in the late 9th century.
A medieval plow. Plow horses. The lead horse has a breast collar; the rear horse wears a horsecollar. The most important technical innovation for agriculture in the Middle Ages was the widespread adoption around 1000 of the mouldboard plow and its close relative, the heavy plow. These two plows enabled medieval farmers to exploit the fertile ...
Jethro Wood's plow design was later supplanted by the further improvements of John Deere, who furnished the plow with polished plowshares that enabled it to break up prairie sod. [ 25 ] After his death, Wood’s son, Benjamin Wood continued his battles against copy patents, working with Clay, Webster, and John Adams and securing a reform to the ...
John Deere was born on February 7, 1804, in Rutland, Vermont, [4] the third son of William Rinold Deere, [5] a merchant tailor, and Sarah Yeats. [6] After a brief educational period at Middlebury College, at age 17 in 1821, he began an apprenticeship with Captain Benjamin Lawrence, a successful Middlebury blacksmith, and entered the trade for himself in 1826.
Carruca (Heavy Plough ) A type of heavy wheeled plough commonly found in Northern Europe. [5] The device consisted of four major parts. The first part was a coulter at the bottom of the plough. [6] This knife was used to vertically cut into the top sod to allow for the plowshare to work. [6]
Oliver received a new patent in 1868 for a large plow that required a team of draft animals to pull. [2] The new plow was significantly superior to all others on the market, leading to a massive surge in sales. The same year Clement Studebaker, an owner of the Studebaker company, made an investment in the business to help it reincorporate and ...