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In 2016, Reed, Akata, Yan et al. became the first to use generative adversarial networks for the text-to-image task. [5] [7] With models trained on narrow, domain-specific datasets, they were able to generate "visually plausible" images of birds and flowers from text captions like "an all black bird with a distinct thick, rounded bill".
DALL-E was revealed by OpenAI in a blog post on 5 January 2021, and uses a version of GPT-3 [5] modified to generate images.. On 6 April 2022, OpenAI announced DALL-E 2, a successor designed to generate more realistic images at higher resolutions that "can combine concepts, attributes, and styles". [6]
Diagram of the latent diffusion architecture used by Stable Diffusion The denoising process used by Stable Diffusion. The model generates images by iteratively denoising random noise until a configured number of steps have been reached, guided by the CLIP text encoder pretrained on concepts along with the attention mechanism, resulting in the desired image depicting a representation of the ...
Similarly, an image model prompted with the text "a photo of a CEO" might disproportionately generate images of white male CEOs, [112] if trained on a racially biased data set. A number of methods for mitigating bias have been attempted, such as altering input prompts [113] and reweighting training data. [114]
Flux (also known as FLUX.1) is a text-to-image model developed by Black Forest Labs, based in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. Black Forest Labs was founded by former employees of Stability AI. As with other text-to-image models, Flux generates images from natural language descriptions, called prompts.
Ideogram was founded in 2022 by Mohammad Norouzi, William Chan, Chitwan Saharia, and Jonathan Ho to develop a better text-to-image model. [3]It was first released with its 0.1 model on August 22, 2023, [4] after receiving $16.5 million in seed funding, which itself was led by Andreessen Horowitz and Index Ventures.
Study participants who were given alcoholic drinks received a specific amount of alcohol, based on sex and weight, that would get them to a 0.06% blood alcohol level, Kilmer said.
For the CLIP image models, the input images are preprocessed by first dividing each of the R, G, B values of an image by the maximum possible value, so that these values fall between 0 and 1, then subtracting by [0.48145466, 0.4578275, 0.40821073], and dividing by [0.26862954, 0.26130258, 0.27577711].