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Köhler illumination is a method of specimen illumination used for transmitted and reflected light (trans- and epi-illuminated) optical microscopy.Köhler illumination acts to generate an even illumination of the sample and ensures that an image of the illumination source (for example a halogen lamp filament) is not visible in the resulting image.
The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.
By virtue of the linearity property of optical non-coherent imaging systems, i.e., . Image(Object 1 + Object 2) = Image(Object 1) + Image(Object 2). the image of an object in a microscope or telescope as a non-coherent imaging system can be computed by expressing the object-plane field as a weighted sum of 2D impulse functions, and then expressing the image plane field as a weighted sum of the ...
A two-photon microscope is also a laser-scanning microscope, but instead of UV, blue or green laser light, a pulsed infrared laser is used for excitation. Only in the tiny focus of the laser is the intensity high enough to generate fluorescence by two-photon excitation , which means that no out-of-focus fluorescence is generated, and no pinhole ...
The light path of a bright-field microscope is extremely simple; no additional components are required beyond the normal light-microscope setup. The light path begins at the illuminator or the light source on the base of the microscope. Often a halogen lamp is used. The light travels through the objective lens into the ocular lens, through ...
Moiré Effect. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a method of super-resolution microscopy which is performed by acquiring multiple images of the same sample under different patterns of illumination, then computationally combining these images to achieve a single reconstruction with up to 2x improvement over the diffraction limited lateral resolution.
Memorial in Jena, Germany to Ernst Karl Abbe, who approximated the diffraction limit of a microscope as = , where d is the resolvable feature size, λ is the wavelength of light, n is the index of refraction of the medium being imaged in, and θ (depicted as α in the inscription) is the half-angle subtended by the optical objective lens (representing the numerical aperture).
A good overview about the development of selective plane illumination microscopy is given in ref. [39] During 2012 also open source projects have started to appear that freely publish complete construction plans for light sheet fluorescence microscopes and also the required software suites. [40] [41] [42] [43]