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This puts the total number of desertions from the Union army during the four years of the war at nearly 350,000. Using these numbers, 15% of Union soldiers deserted during the war. Official numbers put the number of deserters from the Union army at 200,000 for the entire war, or about 8% of Union army soldiers.
The standard daily ration for a Union soldier was 20 ounces of fresh or salt beef or 12 ounces of pork or bacon; 18 ounces of flour or 20 ounces of corn meal; 1.6 ounces of rice, or .64 ounces of beans, or 1.5 ounces of dried potatoes; 1.6 ounces of coffee or .24 ounces of tea; 2.4 ounces of sugar; .54 ounces of salt; and .32 gill of vinegar.
Union soldiers before Marye's Heights, Fredericksburg, May 1863. By the end of 1861, 700,000 soldiers were drilling in Union camps. The first wave in spring was called up for only 90 days, then the soldiers went home or reenlisted. Later waves enlisted for three years. The new recruits spent their time drilling in company and regiment formations.
More than seventeen hundred state volunteer regiments were raised for the Union Army throughout the war. [2] In all, approximately 80% of Union soldiers fought as infantry, while 75% of Confederate soldiers were infantry. [3]
Many states had soldiers and units fighting for both the United States and the Confederate States (Confederate States Army). The border states had both Confederate and Union units, and in many of the Confederate states Union forces organized Union units from individuals who swore loyalty to the United States.
Approximately 516,000 Union soldiers, or 23.4% of all Union soldiers, were immigrants; about 216,000 of these were born in Germany. New York supplied the largest number of these native-born Germans with 36,000. Behind the Empire State came Wisconsin with 30,000 and Ohio with 20,000. [1]
The 186,097 black men who joined the Union Army included 7,122 officers and 178,975 enlisted soldiers. [1] Approximately 20,000 black sailors served in the Union Navy and formed a large percentage of many ships' crews. [ 2 ]
A Union Army soldier barely alive in Georgia on his release in 1865. Both Confederate and Union prisoners of war suffered great hardships during their captivity.. Between 1861 and 1865, American Civil War prison camps were operated by the Union and the Confederacy to detain over 400,000 captured soldiers.