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Streptomyces isolates have yielded the majority of human, animal, and agricultural antibiotics, as well as a number of fundamental chemotherapy medicines. Streptomyces is the largest antibiotic -producing genus of Actinomycetota , producing chemotherapy, antibacterial, antifungal , antiparasitic drugs, and immunosuppressants . [ 1 ]
Certain Streptomyces antibioticus strains produce antibiotics that have yet to be named and thoroughly characterized, such as the one mentioned in a 1998 study from Calcutta University. [9] The antibiotic described was found to show antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and pathogenic fungi. [9]
Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinomycetota, and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. [3] Over 700 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. [4] [5] [6] As with the other Actinomycetota, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have very large genomes with high GC content.
Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing. However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior. The development of antibiotics has had a profound effect on the health of people for many years. Also, both people and animals have used antibiotics to treat infections and diseases.
Skeletal formula of tetracycline with atoms and four rings numbered and labeled.. Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds that have a common basic structure and are either isolated directly from several species of Streptomyces bacteria or produced semi-synthetically from those isolated compounds. [1]
As human and bacteria both have ribosomes, streptomycin has significant side effects in humans. At low concentrations, however, streptomycin inhibits only bacterial growth. [18] Streptomycin is an antibiotic that inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, [19] and is therefore a useful broad-spectrum antibiotic.
The streptogramin antibiotics were identified almost 50 years ago, but have only recently found clinical use as a consequence of the increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria. They present poor solubility in aqueous solution, and this has limited their clinical use; however, the natural products still find use as feed additives in agriculture.
Slide culture of a Streptomyces species Scientific classification; Domain: Bacteria: Phylum: Actinomycetota: Class: Actinomycetia: Order: Streptomycetales Cavalier-Smith 2002 [2] Family: Streptomycetaceae Waksman and Henrici 1943 (Approved Lists 1980) [1] Genera [3] See text Synonyms "Actinosporangiaceae" Couch 1955; Allostreptomycetaceae Salam ...
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