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In the processing of photographic films, plates or papers, the photographic developer (or just developer) is one or more chemicals that convert the latent image to a visible image. Developing agents achieve this conversion by reducing the silver halides , which are pale-colored, into silver metal, which is black when in the form of fine ...
where , , and are the color-balanced LMS cone tristimulus values; ′, ′, and ′ are the tristimulus values of an object believed to be white in the un-color-balanced image, and ′, ′, and ′ are the tristimulus values of a pixel in the un-color-balanced image. Matrices to convert to LMS space were not specified by von Kries, but can be ...
In a circular fisheye lens, the image circle is inscribed in the film or sensor area; in a diagonal ("full-frame") fisheye lens, the image circle is circumscribed around the film or sensor area. This implies that using a fisheye lens for a different format than it was intended for is easy (as opposed to a rectilinear lens), and may change its ...
The area of greatest gain is in midtones (40–60%); above this, as the dots contact one another, the perimeter available for dot gain is reduced. Dot gain becomes more noticeable with finer screen ruling, and is one of the factors affecting the choice of screen. Dot gain can be measured using a densitometer and color bars in absolute percentages.
The same approach applies if one of the colors is a spot color and the other a process color. Trapping becomes more difficult if both colors are process colors and each is to be printed as a combination of the basic printing colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black. In this case, the trapping decision depends on the amount of ‘common’ color.
Color normalization is a topic in computer vision concerned with artificial color vision and object recognition. In general, the distribution of color values in an image depends on the illumination, which may vary depending on lighting conditions, cameras, and other factors.
The compound may be more stable than metallic silver and may also have a different color or tone. Different toning processes give different colors to the final print. In some cases, the printer may choose to tone some parts of a print more than others. [1] Toner also can increase the range of shades visible in a print without reducing the contrast.
Photographic printing is the process of producing a final image on paper for viewing, using chemically sensitized paper. The paper is exposed to a photographic negative , a positive transparency (or slide ) , or a digital image file projected using an enlarger or digital exposure unit such as a LightJet or Minilab printer.