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The Joseon dynasty ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897. The history of Joseon is largely divided into two parts: the early period and the late period; some divide it into three parts, including a middle period. The standard for dividing the early and the late periods is the Imjin War (1592–1598).
The Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (also known as the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty) are the annual records of the Joseon dynasty, which were kept from 1413 to 1865. The annals, or sillok , consist of 1,893 volumes and are thought to cover the longest continual period of a single dynasty in the world.
The Joseon dynasty ruled Korea, succeeding the 400-year-old Goryeo dynasty in 1392 through the Japanese occupation in 1910. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Twenty-seven kings ruled over united Korea for more than 500 years.
[2] [9] The records of the first three kings of the Joseon dynasty—Taejo (r. 1392–1398), Jeongjong (r. 1399–1400), and Taejong (r. 1401–1418)—were handwritten. The records of Sejong (r. 1418–1450) and later kings were printed using movable type, some wooden and others metal. Korea is the first nation in East Asia to have printed its ...
1636: The Qing invasion of Joseon ends in Joseon's defeat, and Korea is made a tributary of the Qing Dynasty. 1653: Dutch mariner Hendrick Hamel crashes on Jeju Island. The isolationist Joseon government prevents him from leaving, although he is given relative freedom to live normally on the peninsula. [45] [46]
The Joseon dynasty endured two major invasions prior to its progressive loss of sovereignty in the late 19th century. These were the Seven-Year War , a two-stage Japanese invasion led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the 1590s, and the First and Second Manchu invasions in the early 17th century.
The Qing invasion of Joseon (Korean: 병자호란; Hanja: 丙子胡亂) occurred in the winter of 1636 when the newly established Qing dynasty invaded the Joseon dynasty, establishing the former's status as the hegemon in the Imperial Chinese Tributary System and formally severing Joseon's relationship with the Ming dynasty.
Society in the Joseon dynasty was built upon Neo-Confucianist ideals, namely the three fundamental principles and five moral disciplines. There were four classes: the yangban nobility, the "middle class" jungin , sangmin , or the commoners, and the cheonmin , the outcasts at the very bottom.