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Formal thought disorder (FTD) is also known as disorganized speech. Evidence of disorganized thinking, it is a hallmark feature of schizophrenia. [4] [6] FTD, a disorder of the form (rather than content) of thought, encompasses hallucinations and delusions [12] and is an observable sign of psychosis.
In schizophrenia, patients experience two types of symptoms: positive and negative. Positive symptoms include behavior added on to a person's daily functioning. For instance, delusions , hallucinations , disorganized speech, disorganized behavior and thought are all positive symptoms.
Clanging refers specifically to behavior that is situationally inappropriate. While a poet rhyming is not evidence of mental illness, disorganized speech that impedes the patient's ability to communicate is a disorder in itself, often seen in schizophrenia. [3]
DSM-5 states that to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, two diagnostic criteria have to be met over the period of one month, with a significant impact on social or occupational functioning for at least six months. One of the symptoms needs to be either delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
The five types of schizophrenia include catatonic, disorganized, residual, paranoid, and undifferentiated schizophrenia. Each has different symptoms.
Common symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and thinking, as well as mood episodes. [6] Schizoaffective disorder can often be misdiagnosed [5] when the correct diagnosis may be psychotic depression, bipolar I disorder, schizophreniform disorder, or schizophrenia.
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