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Hand scraping leaves a distinctive pattern on the scraped surface. This can be suggestive of a high level of precision in the ways; however, sometimes a surface can be marked to appear hand scraped, but it is really just a superficial surface treatment designed to give the impression of a scraped machine way.
Engineer's blue is prepared by mixing Prussian blue with a non-drying oily material (for example, grease).The coloured oil is rubbed onto a reference surface, and the workpiece is then rubbed against the coloured reference; the transfer (by contact) of the pigment indicates the position of high spots on the workpiece or conversely highlight low points. [1]
In this process, three approximately flat surfaces are progressively refined to precise flatness by manually rubbing them against each other in pairs with colouring matter in between, and then hand-scraping the high points. Any errors of flatness are removed by this scraping, since the only stable, mutually conjugate surface shape is a plane.
The small plate shown in the first picture is a hand lapping plate. That particular plate is made of cast iron. In use, a slurry of emery powder would be spread on the plate and the workpiece simply rubbed against the plate, usually in a "figure-eight" pattern. Small lapping machine. The second picture is of a commercially available lapping ...
The precise and accurate geometry of the ways (that is, their shape, size, and flatness) is produced via any combination of milling (for roughing and semifinishing), grinding (for any stage up through finishing), lapping (in some cases, for final finishing), or hand scraping (in many cases but not all), with comparison against surface plates as ...
In Swiss-pattern files the teeth are cut at a shallower angle, and are graded by number, with a number 1 file being coarser than a number 2, etc. Most files have teeth on all faces, but some specialty flat files have teeth on only one face or one edge, so that the user can come right up to another edge without damaging the finish on it.
Who wants to be a millionaire when they retire?The short answer is probably everyone, yet the reality is that very few people end up having a $1 million or more to their name by the time they have ...
Woodturning skills were used by patternmakers in the making of prototypes and shapes for casting molds used in foundries during the 19th and 20th centuries. They worked very slowly to achieve precision, using enormous pattern maker lathes and slow-cutting scraping tools. [16] Woodturning has always had a strong hobbyist presence.