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Council Tax is a local taxation system used in England, Scotland and Wales. It is a tax on domestic property, which was introduced in 1993 by the Local Government Finance Act 1992, replacing the short-lived Community Charge (also known as "poll tax"), which in turn replaced the domestic rates.
The parishes of England, as of December 2021. Parish councils form the lowest tier of local government and govern civil parishes.They may also be called a 'community council', 'neighbourhood council', 'village council', 'town council' or (if the parish holds city status) 'city council', but these names are stylistic and do not change their responsibilities.
However, this is often abbreviated simply to mayor, especially where the town was historically a borough or city, such as Lewes or Ely. In Scotland, the term 'provost' is commonly used to designate the leader of the town council. Historically the term 'town council' was used for the governing body of a municipal borough until the 1972 Act.
Once a city reaches 5,000 in population, it may submit a ballot petition to create a "city charter" and operate under home rule status (they will maintain that status even if the population falls under 5,000) and may choose its own form of government (weak or strong mayor-council, commission, council-manager).
The city of Everett, Massachusetts was the last to abolish its own bicameral city council (a seven-member Board of Aldermen and an 18-member Common Council) and replace it with an 11-member City Council, doing so with a November 8, 2011 referendum which took effect in 2014. Examples include:
A city and county that share a name may be completely unrelated in geography. For example, Richmond County is nowhere near the City of Richmond, and Franklin County is even farther from the City of Franklin. More Virginia counties are named for women than in any other state. [4] Virginia's postal abbreviation is VA and its FIPS state code is 51.
A parish council may decide to call itself a town council, village council, community council, neighbourhood council, or if the parish has city status, the parish council may call itself a city council. [22] According to the Department for Communities and Local Government, in England in 2011 there were 9,946 parishes. [23]
The city kept the same outer boundaries, but did gain an exclave from Nottinghamshire containing the Shire Hall. [8] [9] Nottingham kept its borough and city statuses and its lord mayoralty. [10] [11] In 1998, Nottingham City Council regained responsibility for county-level services from Nottinghamshire County Council.