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Other formats, such as GeoJSON, use different structures for geometry and attributes, but combine them for each object in the same file. Geospatial topology is often an important part of vector data, representing the inherent spatial relationships (especially adjacency) between objects. Topology has been managed in vector file formats in four ways.
GeoJSON [1] is an open standard format designed for representing simple geographical features, along with their non-spatial attributes.It is based on the JSON format.. The features include points (therefore addresses and locations), line strings (therefore streets, highways and boundaries), polygons (countries, provinces, tracts of land), and multi-part collections of these types.
GeoJSON – open, lightweight format based on JSON, used by many open source GIS packages GeoMedia – Microsoft Access based format for spatial vector storage (by Intergraph ) ISFC – MicroStation based CAD solution attaching vector elements to a relational Microsoft Access database (by Intergraph )
The shapefile format is a digital vector storage format for storing geographic location and associated attribute information. This format lacks the capacity to store topological information. The shapefile format was introduced with ArcView GIS version 2 in the early 1990s. It is now possible to read and write geographical datasets using the ...
As featured on the project's website: [4] Platform independent (Windows, Linux, Unix, Apple macOS), Java Runtime needs to be installedReads and writes the file formats ESRI Shapefile, GeoJSON, GML, JML, CSV, OSM, DXF and more
TIGER logo. Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing, or TIGER, or TIGER/Line is a format used by the United States Census Bureau to describe physical and cultural features such as roads, highways, city limits, rivers, and lakes, as well as areas such as census tracts.
OpenStreetMap (abbreviated OSM) is an online map that uses an open geographic database, updated and maintained by a community of volunteers via open collaboration. Contributors collect data from surveys , trace from aerial photo imagery or satellite imagery , and import from other freely licensed geodata sources.
The Geography Markup Language (GML) is the XML grammar defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) to express geographical features. GML serves as a modeling language for geographic systems as well as an open interchange format for geographic transactions on the Internet.