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  2. Cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography

    Core concepts related to information security (data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation) are also central to cryptography. [5] Practical applications of cryptography include electronic commerce , chip-based payment cards , digital currencies , computer passwords , and military communications .

  3. Encryption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption

    Encryption is an important tool but is not sufficient alone to ensure the security or privacy of sensitive information throughout its lifetime. Most applications of encryption protect information only at rest or in transit, leaving sensitive data in clear text and potentially vulnerable to improper disclosure during processing, such as by a ...

  4. Cryptographic protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_protocol

    For example, Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that is used to secure web connections. [2] It has an entity authentication mechanism, based on the X.509 system; a key setup phase, where a symmetric encryption key is formed by employing public-key cryptography; and an application-level data transport function. These ...

  5. Encryption software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption_software

    Database encryption acts on the data to be stored, accepting unencrypted information and writing that information to persistent storage only after it has encrypted the data. Device-level encryption, a somewhat vague term that includes encryption-capable tape drives, can be used to offload the encryption tasks from the CPU.

  6. Data Encryption Standard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard

    The Data Encryption Standard (DES / ˌ d iː ˌ iː ˈ ɛ s, d ɛ z /) is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of digital data. Although its short key length of 56 bits makes it too insecure for modern applications, it has been highly influential in the advancement of cryptography .

  7. RSA (cryptosystem) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem)

    The security of RSA relies on the practical difficulty of factoring the product of two large prime numbers, the "factoring problem". Breaking RSA encryption is known as the RSA problem. Whether it is as difficult as the factoring problem is an open question. [3] There are no published methods to defeat the system if a large enough key is used.

  8. Advanced Encryption Standard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard

    The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛindaːl]), [5] is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. [6]

  9. Cryptography standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography_standards

    FIPS PUB 113 Computer Data Authentication 1985, specifies a Data Authentication Algorithm (DAA) based on DES, adopted by the Department of Treasury and the banking community to protect electronic fund transfers. FIPS PUB 140-2 Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules 2001, defines four increasing security levels

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