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Superheavy elements, also known as transactinide elements, transactinides, or super-heavy elements, or superheavies for short, are the chemical elements with atomic number greater than 104. [1] The superheavy elements are those beyond the actinides in the periodic table; the last actinide is lawrencium (atomic number 103).
Despite these unsuccessful attempts to observe long-lived superheavy nuclei, [34] new superheavy elements were synthesized every few years in laboratories through light-ion bombardment and cold fusion [k] reactions; rutherfordium, the first transactinide, was discovered in 1969, and copernicium, eight protons closer to the island of stability ...
Extinct isotopes of superheavy elements are isotopes of superheavy elements whose half-lives were too short to have lasted through the formation of the Solar System, [1] and because they are not replenished by natural processes, can nowadays only be found as their decay products (from alpha decay, cluster decay or spontaneous fission) trapped within sediment and meteorite samples dating ...
Transuranic elements may be used to synthesize superheavy elements. [7] Elements of the island of stability have potentially important military applications, including the development of compact nuclear weapons. [8] The potential everyday applications are vast; americium is used in devices such as smoke detectors and spectrometers. [9] [10]
During the 1970s, Oganessian invented the "cold fusion" method, a technique to produce transactinide elements (superheavy elements) [7] Though they share a name this process is unrelated to the unproven energy-producing process also named cold fusion. Oganessian's process was crucial for the discoveries of elements from 106 to 113. [7]
The SO interaction is especially strong for the superheavy elements because their electrons move faster—at velocities comparable to the speed of light—than those in lighter atoms. [4] In unbinilium atoms, it lowers the 7p and 8s electron energy levels, stabilizing the corresponding electrons, but two of the 7p electron energy levels are ...
In 1996, the Russian team proposed the name becquerelium after Henri Becquerel. [59] The American team in 1997 proposed the name hahnium [60] after Otto Hahn (previously this name had been used for element 105). The name darmstadtium (Ds) was suggested by the GSI team in honor of the city of Darmstadt, where the element was discovered.
Meitnerium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature, but can be created in a laboratory).