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A 1974 study by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch stated five basic assumptions for a framework for understanding the correlation between media and audiences. These assumptions are: [17] The audience is conceived as active. In the mass communication process, much initiative in linking gratification and media choice lies with the audience member.
Jay G Blumler (18 February 1924 – 30 January 2021 (aged 96)) [1] was an American-British theorist of communication and media. He was Professor of Public Communication at the University of Leeds . Early life and education
The "uses and gratifications" model, associated with Jay Blumler and Elihu Katz, reflected this growing interest in the 'active audience'. One such example of this type of research was conducted by Hodge and Tripp, [ 17 ] and separately Palmer, [ 18 ] about how school-children make sense of the Australian soap opera Prisoner .
With a specific focus on rhetoric, some, such as Walter Ong, have suggested that the audience is a construct made up by the rhetoric and the rhetorical situation the text is addressing. Similarly, some forms of literary criticism such as Screen theory , argue that cinematic texts actually create spectators by sewing them into subject positions ...
Major contributors to media psychology include Marshall McLuhan, Dolf Zillmann, Katz, Blumler and Gurevitch, David Giles, and Bernard Luskin. Marshall McLuhan is a Canadian communication philosopher who was active from the 1930s to the 1970s in the realm of Media Analysis and Technology. He was appointed by the President of the University of ...
Elihu Katz (Hebrew: אליהוא כ"ץ, 21 May 1926 – 31 December 2021) was an American-Israeli sociologist and communication scientist whose expertise was uses and gratifications theory. He authored over 20 books and 175 articles and book chapters during his lifetime and is acknowledged as one of "the founding fathers of regular television ...
Whether the modality is text, auditory, visual, or audiovisual is assumed to be affecting the selection and cognition of the users when they are engaging in media use. Known for his aphorism of "The medium is the message," Marshall McLuhan (1964) is one of the best-known scholars who believe it is the modality rather than the content of media ...
Katz (1960) [2] and Shavitt and Nelson (2002) [5] posit that ego-defensive attitudes aid in self-esteem maintenance through multiple processes. Cialdini et al. (1976) [ 13 ] propose that a product serving an ego-defensive function would be a T-shirt with the logo of a championship-winning sports team to boost one's own ego through what they ...