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In mathematics, the Fibonacci sequence is a sequence in which each number is the sum of the two numbers that precede it. Numbers that are part of the Fibonacci sequence are known as Fibonacci numbers , commonly denoted F n .
The semi-Fibonacci sequence (sequence A030067 in the OEIS) is defined via the same recursion for odd-indexed terms (+) = + and () =, but for even indices () = (), . The bisection A030068 of odd-indexed terms s ( n ) = a ( 2 n − 1 ) {\displaystyle s(n)=a(2n-1)} therefore verifies s ( n + 1 ) = s ( n ) + a ( n ) {\displaystyle s(n+1)=s(n)+a(n ...
Fibonacci instead would write the same fraction to the left, i.e., . Fibonacci used a composite fraction notation in which a sequence of numerators and denominators shared the same fraction bar; each such term represented an additional fraction of the given numerator divided by the product of all the denominators below and to the right of it.
That is to say, the Fibonacci sequence is a divisibility sequence. F p is prime for 8 of the first 10 primes p; the exceptions are F 2 = 1 and F 19 = 4181 = 37 × 113. However, Fibonacci primes appear to become rarer as the index increases. F p is prime for only 26 of the 1229 primes p smaller than 10,000. [3]
In the Fibonacci sequence, each number is the sum of the previous two numbers. Fibonacci omitted the "0" and first "1" included today and began the sequence with 1, 2, 3, ... . He carried the calculation up to the thirteenth place, the value 233, though another manuscript carries it to the next place, the value 377.
The sequence also has a variety of relationships with the Fibonacci numbers, like the fact that adding any two Fibonacci numbers two terms apart in the Fibonacci sequence results in the Lucas number in between. [3] The first few Lucas numbers are 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, 76, 123, 199, 322, 521, 843, 1364, 2207, 3571, 5778, 9349, ... .
In number theory, the nth Pisano period, written as π (n), is the period with which the sequence of Fibonacci numbers taken modulo n repeats. Pisano periods are named after Leonardo Pisano, better known as Fibonacci. The existence of periodic functions in Fibonacci numbers was noted by Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1774. [1] [2]
Exceptionally, the golden ratio is equal to the limit of the ratios of successive terms in the Fibonacci sequence and sequence of Lucas numbers: [42] + = + =. In other words, if a Fibonacci and Lucas number is divided by its immediate predecessor in the sequence, the quotient approximates φ {\displaystyle \varphi } .